7种方式,教你提升 Spring Boot 项目的吞吐量

Lewis
2022-03-29 / 0 评论 / 115 阅读 / 正在检测是否收录...

一、异步执行

实现方式二种:

  1. 使用异步注解@aysnc、启动类:添加 @EnableAsync 注解
  2. JDK 8本身有一个非常好用的Future类— —CompletableFuture

    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class AskThread implements Runnable{
     private CompletableFuture<Integer> re = null;
    
     public void run() {
         int myRe = 0;
         try {
             myRe = re.get() * re.get();
         } catch (Exception e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         System.out.println(myRe);
     }
    
     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
         final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
         new Thread(new AskThread(future)).start();
         //模拟长时间的计算过程
         Thread.sleep(1000);
         //告知完成结果
         future.complete(60);
     }
    }

      在该示例中,启动一个线程,此时AskThread对象还没有拿到它需要的数据,执行到 myRe = re.get() * re.get()会阻塞。我们用休眠1秒来模拟一个长时间的计算过程,并将计算结果告诉future执行结果,AskThread线程将会继续执行。

    public class Calc {
     public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
         try {
             //模拟一个长时间的执行
             Thread.sleep(1000);
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         return para * para;
     }
    
     public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
         final CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50))
                 .thenApply((i) -> Integer.toString(i))
                 .thenApply((str) -> "\"" + str + "\"")
                 .thenAccept(System.out::println);
         future.get();
     }
    }

      CompletableFuture.supplyAsync方法构造一个CompletableFuture实例,在supplyAsync()方法中,它会在一个新线程中,执行传入的参数。在这里它会执行calc()方法,这个方法可能是比较慢的,但这并不影响CompletableFuture实例的构造速度,supplyAsync()会立即返回。而返回的CompletableFuture实例就可以作为这次调用的契约,在将来任何场合,用于获得最终的计算结果。
      supplyAsync用于提供返回值的情况,CompletableFuture还有一个不需要返回值的异步调用方法runAsync(Runnable runnable),一般我们在优化Controller时,使用这个方法比较多。这两个方法如果在不指定线程池的情况下,都是在ForkJoinPool.common线程池中执行,而这个线程池中的所有线程都是Daemon(守护)线程,所以,当主线程结束时,这些线程无论执行完毕都会退出系统。

    CompletableFuture.runAsync(() ->
    this.afterBetProcessor(betRequest,betDetailResult,appUser,id)
    );

    异步调用使用Callable来实现

    @RestController  
    public class HelloController {  
      
     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);  
       
     @Autowired  
     private HelloService hello;  
      
     @GetMapping("/helloworld")  
     public String helloWorldController() {  
         return hello.sayHello();  
     }  
      
     /** 
      * 异步调用restful 
      * 当controller返回值是Callable的时候,springmvc就会启动一个线程将Callable交给TaskExecutor去处理 
      * 然后DispatcherServlet还有所有的spring拦截器都退出主线程,然后把response保持打开的状态 
      * 当Callable执行结束之后,springmvc就会重新启动分配一个request请求,然后DispatcherServlet就重新 
      * 调用和处理Callable异步执行的返回结果, 然后返回视图 
      *  
      * @return 
      */  
     @GetMapping("/hello")  
     public Callable<String> helloController() {  
         logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入helloController方法");  
         Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() {  
      
             @Override  
             public String call() throws Exception {  
                 logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");  
                 String say = hello.sayHello();  
                 logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloService方法返回");  
                 return say;  
             }  
         };  
         logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloController方法返回");  
         return callable;  
     }  
    }  

    异步调用的方式 WebAsyncTask

    @RestController  
    public class HelloController {  
      
     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);  
       
     @Autowired  
     private HelloService hello;  
      
         /** 
      * 带超时时间的异步请求 通过WebAsyncTask自定义客户端超时间 
      *  
      * @return 
      */  
     @GetMapping("/world")  
     public WebAsyncTask<String> worldController() {  
         logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入helloController方法");  
      
         // 3s钟没返回,则认为超时  
         WebAsyncTask<String> webAsyncTask = new WebAsyncTask<>(3000, new Callable<String>() {  
      
             @Override  
             public String call() throws Exception {  
                 logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");  
                 String say = hello.sayHello();  
                 logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloService方法返回");  
                 return say;  
             }  
         });  
         logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloController方法返回");  
      
         webAsyncTask.onCompletion(new Runnable() {  
      
             @Override  
             public void run() {  
                 logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行完毕");  
             }  
         });  
      
         webAsyncTask.onTimeout(new Callable<String>() {  
      
             @Override  
             public String call() throws Exception {  
                 logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onTimeout");  
                 // 超时的时候,直接抛异常,让外层统一处理超时异常  
                 throw new TimeoutException("调用超时");  
             }  
         });  
         return webAsyncTask;  
     }  
      
     /** 
      * 异步调用,异常处理,详细的处理流程见MyExceptionHandler类 
      *  
      * @return 
      */  
     @GetMapping("/exception")  
     public WebAsyncTask<String> exceptionController() {  
         logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入helloController方法");  
         Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() {  
      
             @Override  
             public String call() throws Exception {  
                 logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");  
                 throw new TimeoutException("调用超时!");  
             }  
         };  
         logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloController方法返回");  
         return new WebAsyncTask<>(20000, callable);  
     }  
      
    }  

    二、增加内嵌Tomcat的最大连接数

    @Configuration
    public class TomcatConfig {
     @Bean
     public ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory webServerFactory() {
         TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatFactory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
         tomcatFactory.addConnectorCustomizers(new MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer());
         tomcatFactory.setPort(8005);
         tomcatFactory.setContextPath("/api-g");
         return tomcatFactory;
     }
     class MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer implements TomcatConnectorCustomizer {
         public void customize(Connector connector) {
             Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
             //设置最大连接数               
             protocol.setMaxConnections(20000);
             //设置最大线程数               
             protocol.setMaxThreads(2000);
             protocol.setConnectionTimeout(30000);
         }
     }
    
    }

    三、使用@ComponentScan()定位扫包比@SpringBootApplication扫包更快

    四、默认tomcat容器改为Undertow(Jboss下的服务器,Tomcat吞吐量5000,Undertow吞吐量8000)

    <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
      </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    五、使用 BufferedWriter 进行缓冲

    六、Deferred方式实现异步调用

    @RestController
    public class AsyncDeferredController {
     private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
     private final LongTimeTask taskService;
     
     @Autowired
     public AsyncDeferredController(LongTimeTask taskService) {
         this.taskService = taskService;
     }
     
     @GetMapping("/deferred")
     public DeferredResult<String> executeSlowTask() {
         logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入executeSlowTask方法");
         DeferredResult<String> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>();
         // 调用长时间执行任务
         taskService.execute(deferredResult);
         // 当长时间任务中使用deferred.setResult("world");这个方法时,会从长时间任务中返回,继续controller里面的流程
         logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "从executeSlowTask方法返回");
         // 超时的回调方法
         deferredResult.onTimeout(new Runnable(){
      
    @Override
    public void run() {
     logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onTimeout");
     // 返回超时信息
     deferredResult.setErrorResult("time out!");
    }
      });
         
         // 处理完成的回调方法,无论是超时还是处理成功,都会进入这个回调方法
         deferredResult.onCompletion(new Runnable(){
      
    @Override
    public void run() {
     logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onCompletion");
    }
      });
         
         return deferredResult;
     }
    }

    七、异步调用可以使用AsyncHandlerInterceptor进行拦截

    @Component
    public class MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor implements AsyncHandlerInterceptor {
     
     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor.class);
     
     @Override
     public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
    throws Exception {
      return true;
     }
     
     @Override
     public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
    ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    //  HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
      logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "服务调用完成,返回结果给客户端");
     }
     
     @Override
     public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
    throws Exception {
      if(null != ex){
    System.out.println("发生异常:"+ex.getMessage());
      }
     }
     
     @Override
     public void afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
    throws Exception {
      
      // 拦截之后,重新写回数据,将原来的hello world换成如下字符串
      String resp = "my name is chhliu!";
      response.setContentLength(resp.length());
      response.getOutputStream().write(resp.getBytes());
      
      logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入afterConcurrentHandlingStarted方法");
     }
     
    }
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